Hi,
I'm new to Linux myself, so I can't offer any advice regarding recovery short of reinstalling.
However, I do run my computer setup on a battery-backup uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The make I use is and American Power Convertors (APC) Back-UPS ES 700. It not only provides around 30 minutes of battery-sourced mains in case of a power cut, but also immediately kicks in in the event of drop-outs and power surges. It has saved my equipment several times in the last 18 months. That would at least reduce the risk of it happening again.
Take care,
Ian