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| Tutorial: cloning your Linux Lite drive using the 'dd' command. |
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Posted by: m654321 - 03-27-2018, 10:50 AM - Forum: Tutorials
- Replies (15)
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This tutorial is for those of you who: - would like to have a solid backup clone of the whole drive (SSD or HDD) containing LL
- are familiar with at least some basic use of the terminal
- can use either gparted (i.e. Partition Drives in Menu) or terminal, to check the drive designation, i.e. /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, etc
Reasons I use 'dd' for cloning and what I use it for.
It's a very simple tool for cloning LL, or any other distro, or Windows OS, including any dual- or multi-booted systems. The reason I started using 'dd' for cloning, is that I found other dedicated cloning software (e.g. clonezilla) too complicated to use: the 'dd' command only takes up one line of code in the terminal.
I have LL installed on a 250GB drive. About once-a-week, I clone it to an identical drive (same size & make), via a USB port (the important thing here is that the backup drive has a storage size that is either the same or bigger than the written space on the drive you want to clone from). I do this as I have accumulated several virtual machines, important data, packages, symlinks, etc which, if lost, would cost me a huge amount of time and energy to reinstall - doesn't bear thinking about :-[ . Should LL on the internal drive on my laptop crash irretrievably (it has done at least a couple of times due to my tinkering around and the odd silly mistake), I just take the drive out of the PC, and replace it with the backup drive. The backup drive is instantly recognised and works from the get-go.
How long will cloning it take?
Using setup 1 in my signature below as an example (an i7 laptop), where I'm cloning from a 250GB SSD to an identical external SSD (via USB 3.0 connection) it takes just under 3 hours, with a copy rate of around 23 to 27 MB/s. With older CPUs this will take longer, and it could be an activity you could just leave to run overnight. Sometimes, I clone from a 250GB SSD to a 500GB SSD - the cloning time is the same - in this case what you end up with is 250GB of cloned space and 250GB of unallocated space. I have cloned to HHDs, but the copy rate is significantly slower, as you'd expect. The backup drive doesn't need to be formatted for cloning - you can just leave it as unallocated space - cloning will overwrite it anyway. Also, don't forget to transfer any valuable data files on your backup drive before cloning to it, otherwise these will be lost !
Here's what you do to clone the whole drive:- put the back-up drive into a USB caddy and plug into the USB port on your PC
- open gparted and make a note of the /dev/sdx designation of both drives, i.e. the one you're copying from (inside your PC) , and the drive you're copying to (external backup drive), e.g. on my PC this is /dev/sda (from), and /dev/sdc (to) - if you have only one drive bay in your PC then this might be /dev/sda (from) and /dev/sdb (to)
- close gparted, then open the terminal and type the following, substituting 'x' and 'y' for the correct designation of your drives:
Code: sudo dd if=/dev/sdx of=/dev/sdy
So, if you are cloning from /dev/sda to /dev/sdb, you would enter:
Code: sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb status=progress
The term status=progress, means that you are given a live on-screen progress of cloning, i.e. the cumulative number of bytes transferred, the time passed from the start of cloning (seconds) and the transfer speed (MB/s). If you leave this term out, cloning will go ahead but without any indication of progress until cloning has completed.
After entering this you'll be asked for your password - type this then hit the ENTER key to start the cloning process. When cloning is completed, the output from the terminal will have the following format:
Code: [mike@G750 ~]$ sudo dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sdc status=progress
[sudo] password for mike:
488397168+0 records in
488397168+0 records out
250059350016 bytes (250 GB, 233 GiB) copied, 10865.2 s, 23.0 MB/s
In the output shown above, the internal drive that has LL installed on it (the drive that's being copied from) has the designation /dev/sdb - I just want to make the point that the designation of the drive, containing the operating system, is not always going to be /dev/sda, though it usually is.
Here's what you do if you want to clone just a specific partition, not the whole driveThe method is the same - you just need to quote the specific partition you want to clone 'from' and 'to' in the dd command.For example, if Linux Lite is installed as root on the partition /dev/sda1 on your PC, and you want to clone this to a partition on another drive named /dev/sdc1, then the command is as follows:
Code: [mike@G750-mj ~]$ sudo dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdc1 status=progress[sudo] password for mike: 48315625984 bytes (48 GB, 45 GiB) copied, 2200 s, 22.0 MB/s[[B94373887+0 records in94373887+0 records out
48319430144 bytes (48 GB, 45 GiB) copied, 2217.25 s, 21.8 MB/s
A WORD OF CAUTION (don't say you haven't been warned)!
Should you enter the wrong /dev/sdx designation, you could risk wiping your computer clean - this is probably the reason that 'dd' is sometimes nicknamed 'disk-destroyer'. So, my advice is don't do this if you're drinking beers, distracted, or overly tired, otherwise ..! That said, I've been using 'dd' for the last three years and haven't had a problem with it. Just make sure the USB connection of the backup drive is secure (as a precaution don't move the PC or external drive during cloning). If the USB disconnects during cloning, even just momentarily, you'll have to restart the cloning process.
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| Hash Sum Mismatch error unable to update |
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Posted by: Gaurishankar - 03-27-2018, 05:17 AM - Forum: Installing Software
- Replies (1)
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Dear Sir,
I am unable to update the my Linux Lite installation. getting hash sum mismatch error. Firefox and Google Chrome is often crashing. Installed Team viewer but it is not working. Horrible experience.
unable to do productive work in Linux Lite.
Please Help
Gauri Shankar Gound
9821902676
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| G'Day from Australia. |
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Posted by: kitony - 03-27-2018, 01:46 AM - Forum: Introductions
- Replies (4)
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I have been a user of Linux for years, love the ease of using, updating and in general, the feel of the majority of Distro's. Ubuntu, Mint and several others but my favorite was PCLinuxOS until they dropped the 32 byte version. My hobby is to try and resurrect old computers, then I give them away, so a Linux distro is perfect because of the minimum hardware requirements they need to operate. (My Wife says that I repair them until they are broken beyond repair)
This laptop for example is a old Toshiba NB200 which was taking the best part of 20 minutes to fully load Win XP Home and get online. Now with LinuxLite I timed it today at just over 85 seconds, that is of course without any bloatware or other crap on board.
Toshiba NB200 32bit
Intel® Atom CPU N280 @ 1.66GHz
Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME
RAM 1 G.
So you can see that this notebook is nothing to rave about, but with LinuxLite on board it is operating just as well if not better that most Windows PC's.
Glad to be a member of this forum and definitely very happy to have come across Linux Lite.
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| Install Linux Lite on Dell Laptop fails |
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Posted by: dleddy - 03-26-2018, 03:34 PM - Forum: Installing Linux Lite
- Replies (13)
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:'( I have tried to install Linux Lite from USB drive to Dell Inspiron 14-3542 (model number may be off) and it fails to restart /boot from the hard disk: 1) storage is eMMC ard; 2) boot is interuppted by this Dell SupportAssist message: It appears that there is difficulty in starting your system. Testing eMMC drive --[hangs]. I had previouslydisabled Windows Boot Manager in the bios. Install seemed to complete without problem. Now running from the Live version on the USB drive. Any and all help will be appreciated -- Win 10 has augered in and no help from MS. Want to try Linux on this cheap laptop.
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| printing |
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Posted by: jmogrady - 03-25-2018, 10:55 PM - Forum: On Topic
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i am back resovling issues my wifi printers say the online at machine but pc says not online.
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| Reset network settings? |
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Posted by: redplanet - 03-25-2018, 07:02 PM - Forum: Other
- Replies (3)
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Linux noob, MS power user for 20+ years, LL for life at this point (3 months now). Have reinstalled LL 3 times now for various reasons (moving to different partitions mainly, and preserving my win vista partition until I back up almost 10 years of documents/misc on it). Has worked amazingly well each time, but I am a tinkerer, so I have added unsupported repositories, finally found synaptic (it's kinda hidden, why?), edited config files, and ran unknown cli commands cut and pasted from the internet. Here is my current problem:
Latest install (3.6 upgraded to 3.8), everything was running as normal. I mess around with a lot of stuff (I run pi-hole, for example), and I may have "released" my DHCP lease in my router settings (I'm not 100% clear on what that means, I was probably trying to fix something else, following an online "recipe"). Now, in LL, it connects to the network, but no browser will load, AND apt-get update will not connect either - connected with no connectivity. Of course windows and other distros all have normal connectivity.
Questions: Is there a way to completely reset my internet settings? I'm not opposed to reinstalling the OS, but... can I reinstall in the same partition, or will it just leave whatever corrupted config files are there? (I do have "spare" partitions I can use... see ya Ubuntu, ha ha told you...)
Obviously (in retrospect) the DNS settings in /etc/resolv.conf were incorrect, the system was looking to 127.0.0.1 (home) for DNS lookups for some reason. I was not able to install nscd... until I fixed this. Did not work the first time ... not used to, and don't like non-GUI editors, they have nothing to offer me. Yet. Thanks!!
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| garden planning software suggestions |
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Posted by: bitsnpcs - 03-25-2018, 01:32 PM - Forum: Off Topic
- Replies (2)
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Hello,
I am looking for suggestions for an offline garden planning software for LL, that can save as a jpg or png ?
I wanted one that can allow -
- adding of shapes (squares and rectangles)
- has plant add feature, has custom plant add feature (for any missing in software)
- add features for, paths, gravel, pond, rocks, garden furniture.
- has a mode for planning greenhouse and internal features.
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| Failed to retrieve share list from server. |
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Posted by: Robo_Pi - 03-25-2018, 05:51 AM - Forum: Network
- Replies (24)
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I'm having a heck of time trying to write a file from Linux to Windows 10.
I've installed Samba on Linux Lite and I've got it up and running to the point where I can see the Linux computer from the Windows 10 computers. I actually have 3 Windows 10 computers and I can see the shared files and folders on the Linux machine from Windows 10 with no problem. I can also read and write files to the Linux machine from the Windows machines.
What I can't do is see the Windows machines or shared folders on the Linux machine. In short, I can't read or write a file to a Windows machine from the Linux machine. I've been trying for over a week now with no progress. I'm even writing a program in Python to write files to the Windows machines, but even that won't work. I don't even get an error. It just acts like it wrote the file but the file never shows up at the destination path.
In fact, this is what I really need to do. I need to have Python write files to the Windows computers. But as things are I can't do anything from Linux. The only way to get a file over to Windows is to go to a Windows machines and read it from there. That works, but that's no good.
Here's a copy of my smb.conf file:
Code: #
#======================= Global Settings ====================================
[global]
workgroup = WORKGROUP
name resolve order = bcast host
server string = Linux Lite Shares
netbios name = Presario-CQ57
security = user
encrypt passwords = true
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
map to guest = bad user
guest account = nobody
dns proxy = no
#======================= Share Definitions ===================================
[liteshare]
comment=Linux CQ-57 Share
path = /home/%U/share
browsable = yes
writable = yes
only guest=no
create mask=0777
directory mask=0777
public = yes
[100_Robo_Pas]
comment=Linux CQ-57 Share
path = /home/%U/100_Robo_Pass
browsable = yes
writable = yes
only guest=no
create mask=0777
directory mask=0777
public = yes
I've been trying all manner of things from videos I've watched and websites I've searched. But nothing works.
I even installed winbind as someone suggested this would solve the problem but no luck with that either.
Code: apt-get install winbind
I don't know what winbind does but it installed and I rebooted and still nothing.
I had changed one of the lines above to:
Code: name resolve order = wins bcast host # (adding the wins)
Again someone told me to do that. But that didn't help either.
I even tried adding the line:
Code: winbind enum groups = yes
But that didn't do anything either.
I'm just at a loss here. I've spent a week working on this with no progress at all. I'm getting depressed here.
Almost everything I find on the Internet is with people not being able to see the Linux shares from Windows. I have no problem with that. That part is working for me just fine. So the Linux machine is on the network and sharing files. It just can't see the Windows machines. I've even tried dropping the firewall on the Windows machines but that didn't work either. I also wouldn't want to have to leave the firewall down anyway. But that doesn't help so it's unlikely that's the problem.
Also as a final note, I don't think it has anything to do with permissions. I have all my Windows set up with shared folders that do not require passwords. So I'm not even using passwords anyway.
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