Linux Lite install alongside macOS

[Şerban S.]

[...] This is my first time using Linux Lite.

Are you  familiar with Linux generally speaking? "[...] first time using Linux Lite.[...] " it's very unspecific regarding your Linux experience.
Have you studied the partitioning and formatting subjects?
What do you know about boot-loaders (GRUB, in particular)?
Have you studied the partitioning systems?
Do you understand the difference between MSDOS and GPT (UEFI)?

[...] I’m looking for a guide to install LL on a 2008 MacBook alongside macOS, dual boot. All attempts with other Linux distributions have led to the deletion of macOS EFI (?) and the inability to use the macOS boot manager - pressing the Options key after power on. What can I do to avoid this? [...]

1. Get yourself familiar with boot-loaders;
2. Get yourself familiar with filesystems used under Linux;
3. Get yourself familiar with what MacOS can do and what it cannot;
4. Get yourself familiar with multidrive boot.
5. Finally, you might want to study what "Secure boot" means, mostly hardware locked Secure Boot  and if there is a way to overcome this.

Best regards, Șerban.